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Pathology


Forensic Osteology Part Three

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This is the final installment of the series on forensic Osteology. In the last two articles I discussed the first four of five questions a forensic osteologist may be asked to answer. These were: 1) Are the remains Human? 2) How long has this person been dead? 3) How many individuals are associated with the sit of the remains? 4) What was the age, sex, height and racial affiliation of the person in question?

The final question to be addressed by the forensic osteologist is 5) Are there pathological conditions in the form of evidence of disease that might aid the osteologist in identification of an individual. This can be done in several ways. There are some diseases that would cause profound disability and would be evident in the living individual. Other diseases that leave there mark on bone are more subtle but are specific to certain geographical regions. This in turn can indicate race.

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Forensic Osteology Part Two

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I am well aware there are extremely technical medical terms for the bones I am going to describe. I thought that it is much easier to read an article and absorb the information when you are not fighting a bunch of unknown terms. Therefore, as usual, I have reverted to terms like "cheek bone" or "thigh bone" to make things more enjoyable to read.

Part Two

In the last addition I finished with discussing the common methods used to determine the age of skeletal remains. I discussed the difficulties in determining age especially if it involves immature remains. Put more simply it is far more difficult to determine the age of a child based on only skeletal remains. Simply put boys and girls develop physiologically and skeletally at different rates. It is there for important to try to determine the sex of the individual before giving and age estimate. For children under the age of about 18 the best way to determine an approximate age is to study the pattern of eruption of the teeth. Even using this technique the approximation can be +\- 2 years as the child grows older ( White & Folkens, 2005)(Bowers, 2005). Determining the gender of the remains can be crucial in narrowing this field.

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Forensic Osteology Part One

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What is Forensic Osteology? Well it is the child of Physical Anthropology (study of the human physique) and Pathology (study of the processes causing death). Its grandparents were Medicine and Anatomy. Its other relatives are Paleontology (study of ancient humans and related species) and Zoology (study of animals). Forensic Osteology is one of the newer disciplines in forensic investigations. This youngster may call on any of his/ her relatives for help and expertise during an investigation. At times Physical Anthropology and Pathology may argue about who is in charge but in the end they usually co-operate to get the job done. Not so long ago Criminology approached Osteology and said "Hey, I could use your help". Osteology gave itself the title of forensic osteology.

Technically speaking Osteology is the study of bones. Forensic osteology is the study of bones as they relate to a crime. Many sources will define this as Human Osteology, Physical Anthropology or Forensic Pathology according to the source. I agree in part with some authors that a pathologist's experience in medical aspects and anatomy may be the best person for the job. However, few pathologist have experience in excavation of outdoor site were remains are located. As well, few Pathologists/medical examiners/coroners have extensive knowledge of the anatomy of animal remains. Even an experienced archeologist/anthropologist may seek a veterinarian or zoologist for further advice on remains which are hard to identify.

Last Updated on Tuesday, 27 October 2009 10:46 Read more...
 

Ligature strangulation: Not Very Common But Contested Too Often

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(One finding: many conclusions)
Dr. S.K. Sharma
Dr. S.K. Sharma ( This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it )

Dr. Saurabh Sharma
Dr. Saurabh Sharma ( This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it )
Abstract:

This paper discusses the difficulties in differentiating ligature strangulation from hanging during life and also after death. The cases shown are those cases of hanging, which appeared and were considered to be that of ligature strangulation or that of Post Mortem hanging till few weeks after the autopsy. These controversial homicides turned out to have been suicidal deaths due to hanging. The cases highlight the difficulty in differentiating hanging during life or immediately after death. The controversies in hanging are relevant because hanging being presented, as ligature strangulation and ligature strangulation being contested as hanging are not rare. The paper also discusses the possibility of mistaking ligature strangulation for hanging during life.

Last Updated on Saturday, 17 October 2009 18:47 Read more...
 

Knowing Whether Sharp Weapon Injuries Were Sustained During Life or After Death

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(Case report - a report based on photo and without examination of the cadaver)

Abstract

Differentiating incised wounds caused during life from those caused after the death can sometimes be difficult. A housewife with sharp weapon injuries was believed to have succumbed to multiple sharp weapon injuries. The injuries appeared and were considered to be ante mortem until a few weeks after the autopsy. These turned out to have been inflicted after her death. The case report highlights the difficulty in differentiating sharp weapon injuries sustained during life or immediately after the death. The report also explains the possibility of causing incisive injuries to someone who was already dead.

***Warning Graphic Photos***

Last Updated on Saturday, 26 September 2009 20:52 Read more...
 


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